Stromatolites are structures that form in shallow water environments, and for millions of years, were the most abundant form of life on the planet. They are layered structures made up of sediment, organic matter, and microbial mats. But what are the prokaryotic cells that built these stromatolites? The answer is simple: they are classified as cyanobacteria.

What are Cyanobacteria?

Cyanobacteria are a type of photosynthetic prokaryote, meaning they are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are able to produce their own food through photosynthesis, and are considered to be one of the oldest forms of life on the planet. Because of their photosynthetic capabilities, cyanobacteria are major contributors to the global carbon cycle, and are responsible for a large portion of the oxygen in the atmosphere.

How Do Cyanobacteria Build Stromatolites?

Stromatolites are formed when cyanobacteria form a mat-like layer on the surface of sediment. As the bacteria are photosynthesizing, they release oxygen, which combines with the minerals in the sediment to form a hard limestone-like layer. As more sediment is added, and more cyanobacteria form, a stromatolite is formed. Over time, they can grow to be several meters in diameter, and are able to fossilize, giving us a window into the past.

What Are the Benefits of Cyanobacteria?

Cyanobacteria are incredibly important for the planet. As previously mentioned, they are major contributors to the global carbon cycle, and are responsible for a large portion of the oxygen in the atmosphere. They are also incredibly important for bioremediation, as they are able to break down pollutants and harmful compounds. In addition, they are also used in the production of biofuels, food, and pharmaceuticals.

What Are the Potential Dangers of Cyanobacteria?

Although cyanobacteria are incredibly important for the planet, they can also pose a danger to humans. In particular, some species of cyanobacteria can produce toxins, which can be harmful to humans, animals, and plants. Additionally, they can also form large, visible blooms in bodies of water, which can block sunlight and cause oxygen depletion. As a result, it is important to monitor cyanobacterial populations, and take steps to mitigate their potential dangers.

Conclusion:

The prokaryotic cells that built stromatolites are classified as cyanobacteria. These unicellular organisms are incredibly important for the planet, as they are major contributors to the global carbon cycle, and are responsible for a large portion of the oxygen in the atmosphere. However, they can also pose a danger to humans, as some species of cyanobacteria can produce toxins. As a result, it is important to monitor cyanobacterial populations, and take steps to mitigate their potential dangers.